![]() In the 7th century BC, during the reign of Rome's third king, Tullus Hostilius, the Fidenates and Veientes again went to war with Rome. The Mars of Todi, a life-sized bronze sculpture of a soldier making a votive offering, late 5th to early 4th century BC Second War with Fidenae and Veii, under Tullus Hostilius It may be that a colony was established there after the defeat by Romulus. In the second war with Fidenae and Veii in the 7th century (see below), Livy describes Fidenae as a Roman colony. The Veientes sued for peace, and a one-hundred year treaty was concluded upon the Veientes giving to the Romans a part of their own territory. The Romans, not having the strength to take the city by storm, instead laid waste their lands. The Romans were victorious and the Veientes fled into the city. Romulus and the Roman army followed and met the Veientes in battle outside the walls of Veii. After having done so, the Veientes returned to Veii with their booty. The Veientes were concerned at the situation with Fidenae both because of its proximity to Veii and their consanguinuity with the Fidenates (who were also Etruscan), and accordingly launched an incursion into Roman territory. Romulus' troops wheeled, drove the Fidenates through their gates so closely that they were not able to close them, and took the town. Seeing the appearance of disorder the Fidenates sallied out in pursuit and were caught in the ambush. Setting an ambush in the thickets he brought the rest of the army to the gates of Fidenae to provoke them into exiting the city. ![]() In the 8th century BC, during the reign of Rome's first king, Romulus, the Fidenates (an Etruscan people) decided to suppress Rome as a future threat and began to lay waste to its territory, in opposition to which Romulus marched on Fidenae and camped a mile from it. ended the long-standing rivalry between the ancient Etruscans and their upstart neighbors, the Romans.' War with Fidenae and Veii under Romulus 509 BCE to 234 BCE, she stated that ' Hasdrubal's defeat at the Metaurus Valley in 209 B.C.E. While Margaret Sankey (2002) dated the Roman–Etruscan Wars from c. Brice (2014) argued the Roman conquest of Caere in 273 BCE was the 'effective end of the Etruscan Wars', though adding that the 241 BCE revolt of Falerii was 'a last grasp'. There is also disagreement about when the Etruscan–Roman Wars ended, with Kohn (2013) pointing to the sack of Volsinii in 264 BCE. Usually, conflicts began with small-scale Etruscan raiding of the Roman countryside, and often ended in sieges of cities on either side. The Etruscans themselves never united in a large-scale war against the growing strength of Rome.' Rather than a single event, she wrote that the geographic proximity of the Romans and Etruscans as neighbours inhabiting opposite banks of the river Tiber naturally drove them to conflict over resources (such as the salt beds at the Tiber's mouth) and trade routes in the area, including the river itself for navigation. ![]() Rather, the military endeavors against the city-states of Etruria were discrete reactions to an array of individual factors and events. ![]() Similarly, Amanda Grace Self (2016) stated that 'Rome's Etruscan Wars were not a simple process of expansion into barbarian-inhabited lands', but a complex series of disparate conflicts across centuries: 'The Romans had no notion of a planned, unified war against the Etruscan people. Livy is our best surviving source for this early period, but he wrote four centuries after the events and drew on sources that were recorded at least two centuries after the events they described.' He put the beginning of the Etruscan Wars in 483 BCE with the first of three Roman wars with Veii. Brice explained: 'These wars occurred so early in Roman history that extensive elements of the narrativs are shrouded in mythology and shold be heavily discounted. Other historians such as Brice (2014) emphasise that 'the Etruscan Wars do not survive well in the ancient sources', and although 'the general course of the war' could be discerned, it is impossible to reconstruct 'a continuous narrative of the Etruscan Wars'. Periodisation īased on the traditional narrative of the overthrow of the Roman monarchy in 509 BCE, in which the Romans ousted the Etruscan Tarquinii dynasty and established the Roman Republic, some historians put the start of the Roman–Etruscan Wars in c. The conquest of Etruria was completed in 265–264 BC. Information about many of the wars is limited, particularly those in the early parts of Rome's history, and in large part is known from ancient texts alone. The Roman–Etruscan Wars, also known as the Etruscan Wars or the Etruscan–Roman Wars, were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (in both the regal and the republican periods) and the Etruscans. ![]()
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